Drawing Connections
Much like the opening of the first four seals (the four horsemen and riders), the sounding of the first four trumpets comes as a group of similar events, each one progressing as a consequence of the previous. The judgments that fell on a portion of the population with each trumpet reveal the opportunities God gave them to repent and return to Him. However, they did not, and God, respecting their free will, allowed the consequences of their choices to unfold. As a result, we saw the rejection and persecution of God's people and His truth, and the introduction of non-biblical doctrines into the Church, leading to the replacement of the divine with the human. Human logic became the focus, pushing aside the Word of God. While many advancements—such as in science and medicine—benefited humanity, people's relationship with God suffered greatly.
The last two trumpets shifted their focus to the state of apostasy within the Christian Church. Bearing the name of Christ but not living by God's unaltered Word caused them to forfeit their heavenly citizenship as God's "kingdom and priests" (see studies #5 and #42). Changing the laws and principles determined by God in Scripture and teaching human tradition as doctrine transforms their citizenship into that of a different nation—they become "those who dwell on the Earth." This is the context in which we find ourselves in this section of Revelation. God has a serious warning. Let's explore what it is.
Closer Look
*** An eagle flying ***: The word ‘eagle’ was translated from the Greek aetos, which means “vulture, eagle”. This word is used again in Revelation 19:17-18. Some Bible versions translated the word aetos as angel. But when we compare to other verses, we can see that the word vulture or eagle would match the judgement oracles against Israel we read about in the Old Testament (Deuteronomy 28:49; Ezekiel 32:4; Ezekiel 39:17). Let's look at Hosea 8:1: “Set the trumpet to your mouth. He shall come as an eagle over the house of the LORD, because they have transgressed my covenant, and trespassed against my law.” The blowing of the trumpet was going to happen because of the transgression of God’s covenant and of His Law. The apostate people would be cast out, and the vultures would be upon them (Ezekiel 32:4). This imagery reminds us of some things Jesus said. When talking about the events surrounding His Second Coming, Jesus said: “For wherever the carcass is, there will the vultures be gathered together.” (Matthew 24:28). The Greek word used in this verse is also aetos. The point is, some people will not be round up when the trumpet sound. They will be out, waiting for the vultures.
There are many examples in the Bible of times when the one carrying the sin is taken out of the scene. Adam and Eve were taken out of Eden when sin first came into the world (Genesis 3:23-24). Cain was sent out of the region after killing his brother Abel (Genesis 4:14). Jesus, in a similar way, was taken out of the city, where He was hung on the cross, carrying the sins of the world on his shoulders (John 19:16,17). On the Day of Atonement, two goats were involved in the end of the sacrificial ritual; one was to be the burned sacrifice, and the other was to be taken out of the camp, symbolically carrying away the recorded sins that had accumulated in the tabernacle during the year (Leviticus 16:21,22). It was the scapegoat. This part with the goat happened at the end of the ceremony, after the sacrifice ritual. The correspondent part in Revelation is also found in the final moments of the book. In Leviticus 16:21-22, we read that the scapegoat was to be taken out to a desolate place, outside of the camp. In the same manner, we see in Revelation 20:1-3,7-10 that Satan will be imprisoned in the abyss for one thousands years (a place of desolation, completely separate from the place where the saved will be). After some time, he will be let loose in order to receive his final sentence. Satan does not carry the sins as a symbol of the remission of the repentant sinner. He carries the sin because his evil nature is revealed at the end of the history of the world. He is the embodiment of the separation from God caused by sin. Just as it was with the scapegoat, Satan will be sent out of the limits where God’s people are.
In all these examples, we see the one carrying the sin being placed on trial, outside God’s camp, away from the chosen ones. The work of Christ is to take sin away (1 John 3:5; John 1:29). This is exactly what He did at the cross. He paid the price for the sinner, even though He was innocent. But the fact that Jesus served the sentence that was ours, doesn’t finalize the trial we are on. The truly guilty party still needs to be identified. Satan’s accusations against God were heavy. But Calvary revealed God's character, and also Satan’s. The blood of Christ removed the sin from the sinner, even though Jesus was innocent. Satan is the true guilty one in this trial. The moment will come for him to receive his sentence for all the iniquity that was generated because of him.
In Luke 17:34-37, Jesus told the people an analogy about the saved people and the ones who would not enter the kingdom of God. In His scenario, some people would be taken away, some would be left. The ones taken away seemed to be doing very similar work to the ones who were left: some were asleep, some were grinding and some were working the field. But somehow, they ended up going through different experiences. The disciples were curious about where they were taken to, and soon the question came: “Where, Lord? And he said unto them, Wherever the body is, there will the vultures be gathered together.” (Luke 17:37). The Greek word for vultures in this verse is also aetos. There is a lot of confusion about these verses, and people may think that the ones being taken away are the ones saved, and the ones staying are the lost people. But Jesus is clear: the ones being taken away are the ones who will be facing the vultures. They will be the target of His judgments. Jesus will take sin away of the camp. These verses are not a representation of people being secretly taken to Heaven, while the ones who stay behind are left to face trials. These verses are the demonstration of Christ’s justice as He executes His judgments. The vultures surrounding the ones taken out of the kingdom of God are there because they have “transgressed [God’s] covenant, and trespassed against [His] law” (Hosea 8:1).
Israelite Camp

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The Atonement Ceremony and Ministry of Jesus
The ritual for the Day of Atonement symbolized both the atonement for sins and the removal of sin from the community, with the High Priest acting as an intercessor between God and the people. The entire day was observed as a solemn Sabbath day, with fasting and abstaining from work for all the people of Israel (Leviticus 16:29-31). Jesus is our High Priest, as well as the perfect sacrifice that removed sin once and for all (Hebrews 4:14-15; Hebrews 7:27).
Ceremony for the Day of Atonement | Life and Ministry of Jesus |
Preparation for the High Priest: • High Priest’s Purification: o Before beginning the ritual, the High Priest bathed and dressed in simple white linen garments (instead of the usual ornate garments), symbolizing purity and humility (Leviticus 16:4). o He also made a sin offering for himself and his household to ensure he was ritually clean. | Preparation for His Ministry: • Sign of Righteousness (Matthew 3:15): o Jesus is Baptized: Before beginning His ministry, Jesus was baptized in the Jordan River (Matthew 3:13-17). o Jesus is tempted in the wilderness: After His baptism, Jesus was tempted but remained without sin (Matthew 4:1-11). |
Sin Offerings for the High Priest and the Sanctuary: • Sin Offering for the High Priest: o The High Priest first offered a bull as a sin offering for himself and his household (Leviticus 16:6, 11). o The blood of the bull was taken inside the Holy of Holies, and the High Priest sprinkled it on the mercy seat (ark cover) and in front of it (Leviticus 16:14). | Jusus’ Trial in front of the Jewish Leaders: • Jesus is taken to the High Priest (Matthew 26:57-68): o Jesus is accused of having sinned: The Jewish Priests and the Council falsely accused Jesus (Matthew 26:59, 65) o The High Priest and Jewish leaders call for Jesus’ death (Matthew 26:66). |
The Central Atonement Ritual: • Selection of the Two Goats: o Two male goats were presented at the entrance of the Tabernacle. The High Priest cast lots over them: one goat was designated for the Lord as a sin offering, and the other, the "scapegoat," was designated for Azazel (Leviticus 16:7-10). • Sacrifice of the Lord’s Goat: o The goat chosen for the Lord was sacrificed as a sin offering for the people of Israel (Leviticus 16:15). o The blood of this goat was taken into the Holy of Holies and sprinkled on the mercy seat, just as with the blood of the bull (Leviticus 16:15-16). o The High Priest then used this blood to purify the sanctuary from the impurities of the Israelites. o The blood from the sacrificed goat was also applied to the horns of the altar in the outer court, purifying it from the sins of the people (Leviticus 16:18-19). | The Central Atonement: • Jesus’ Trial in front of Pilate - Selection Between Two Prisoners (Matthew 27:11-26): o Jesus and Barabbas: Two prisoners were presented to the Jewish people. The Jewish leaders chose who would be sacrificed and who would be released (Matthew 27:20). • The Lord’s Sacrifice (Matthew 27:33-53): o Jesus’ death: Jesus was sacrificed as a sin offering for the redemption of humanity (Matthew 27:50; 1 Peter 1:18-19). o Unification of both chambers: The veil separating the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies was torn from top to bottom (Matthew 27:51). o Jesus enters the Sanctuary: “not through the blood of goats and calves, but through His own blood, He entered the holy place once for all time, having obtained eternal redemption.” (Hebrews 9:12). Jesus entered the Sanctuary in Heaven as the Lamb who was Slain and took His seat on the throne at the right side of the Father (Revelation 5:6-7; Hebrews 1:3). o Second Coming: Jesus returns to Earth to gather those who decided to accept His offer of redemption (1 Thessalonians 4:16-17; Matthew 24:30-31). |
The Scapegoat Ritual: • Confession Over the Scapegoat: o The High Priest placed his hands on the head of the live goat (the scapegoat) and confessed over it all the sins and transgressions of the people of Israel (Leviticus 16:21). o The goat was then sent away into the wilderness, symbolically carrying away the sins of the people, never to return (Leviticus 16:22). | Sentence for Sin: • Identification of Evil: o The High Priest (Jesus) binds Satan: And the angel from Heaven who has the keys to the abyss and a great chain takes a hold of “the dragon, the serpent of old, who is the devil and Satan”, and binds him for a thousand years (Revelation 20:1-2). o Satan is sent away: Satan is locked in the abyss “so that he would not deceive the nations any longer”, until the thousand years were completed (Revelation 20:3). |
Final Rituals: • Completion of the Offerings: o After sending the scapegoat into the wilderness, the High Priest returned to the sanctuary, bathed again, and changed back into his regular garments. o He then offered the burnt offerings: one ram for himself and one for the people (Leviticus 16:23-24). • Disposal of the Sin Offerings: o The remains of the bull and the goat that had been sacrificed were taken outside the camp and burned (Leviticus 16:27). | Final Events: • Coming of the City of God: o The High Priest (Jesus) is with His people: The New Jerusalem is coming from Heaven to Earth. “And I heard a loud voice from the throne, saying, “Behold, the tabernacle of God is among the people, and He will dwell among them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself will be among them.” (Revelation 21:1-3). o Everything is made new: “and He will wipe away every tear from their eyes; and there will no longer be any death; there will no longer be any mourning, or crying, or pain; the first things have passed away.” And He who sits on the throne said, “Behold, I am making all things new.”” (Revelation 20:4-5). • Disposal of Sin: o Lake of Fire: Satan and those who did not choose to be saved are outside of God’s camp. Fire comes down and consumes the wicked (they are thrown in the lake of fire - explained in verse 15), and Satan is also thrown into the lake of fire and brimstone (Revelation 20:7-10, 15). |
Closing: • Purification of the Participants: o The person who led the scapegoat into the wilderness and the one who burned the remains of the sacrificial animals both had to bathe and wash their clothes before re-entering the camp (Leviticus 16:26-28). | Closing: • Participants are Pure: o Nothing Unclean in God’s Presence: After the wicked received their sentence, and the faithful remained safe inside God’s city, the New Jerusalem is measured and found to be magnificent and complete. (v. 15-21). And “nothing unclean, and no one who practices abomination and lying, shall ever come into it, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life.” (v.27) God’s presence is felt with His people as never before seen. “I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb are its temple. And the city has no need of the sun or of the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God has illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb.” (Revelation 21:15-23, 27). |
Acampamento Israelita

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A Cerimônia de Expiação e o Ministério de Jesus
O ritual para o Dia da Expiação simbolizava tanto a expiação dos pecados quanto a remoção do pecado da comunidade, com o Sumo Sacerdote agindo como intercessor entre Deus e o povo. O dia inteiro era observado como um dia solene de sábado, com jejum e abstinência de trabalho para todo o povo de Israel (Levítico 16:29-31). Jesus é o nosso Sumo Sacerdote, bem como o sacrifício perfeito que removeu o pecado de uma vez por todas (Hebreus 4:14-15; Hebreus 7:27).
Cerimônia para o Dia da Expiação | Vida e Ministério de Jesus |
Preparação para o Sumo Sacerdote: • Purificação do Sumo Sacerdote: o Antes de começar o ritual, o Sumo Sacerdote se banhava e vestia roupas simples de linho branco, simbolizando pureza e humildade (Levítico16:4). o Ele também oferecia um sacrifício pelo pecado para si e sua família, garantindo que estivesse ritualmente puro.. | Preparação para o Seu Ministério: • Sinal de Justiça (Mateus 3:15): o Jesus é Batizado: Antes de iniciar Seu ministério, Jesus foi batizado no Rio Jordão (Mateus 3:13-17). o Jesus é tentado no deserto: Após Seu batismo, Jesus foi tentado, mas permaneceu sem pecado (Mateus 4:1-11). |
Ofertas pelo Pecado para o Sumo Sacerdote e o Santuário: • Oferta pelo Pecado do Sumo Sacerdote: o The High Priest first offered a bull as a sin offering for himself and his household (Leviticus 16:6, 11). o The blood of the bull was taken inside the Holy of Holies, and the High Priest sprinkled it on the mercy seat (ark cover) and in front of it (Leviticus 16:14). | Julgamento de Jesus perante os Líderes Judeus: • Jesus é levado ao Sumo Sacerdote (Mateus 26:57-68): o Jesus é acusado de ter pecado: Os Sacerdotes Judaicos e o Conselho acusaram falsamente Jesus (Mateus 26:59, 65) o O Sumo Sacerdote e os líderes judeus clamam pela morte de Jesus (Mateus 26:66). |
O Ritual Central de Expiação: • Seleção dos Dois Bodes: o Dois bodes eram apresentados na entrada do Tabernáculo. O Sumo Sacerdote lançava sortes: um bode era designado para o Senhor e o outro como o "bode expiatório" (Levítico 16:7-10). • Sacrifício do Bode do Senhor: o O bode para o Senhor era sacrificado como oferta pelo pecado para Israel (Levítico 16:15). o O sangue do bode era levado para o Lugar Santíssimo e aspergido no propiciatório, da mesma maneira como havia sido com o sangue do touro (Levítico16:15-16). o O Sumo Sacerdote então usava esse sangue para purificar o santuário das impurezas dos israelitas. o O sangue do bode sacrificado também era aplicado nos chifres do altar no pátio externo, purificando-o dos pecados do povo (Levítico 16:18-19). | A Expiação Central: • Julgamento de Jesus perante Pilatos – Seleção Entre Dois Prisioneiros (Mateus 27:11-26): o Jesus e Barrabás: Dois prisioneiros foram apresentados ao povo. Os líderes judeus escolheram quem seria sacrificado e quem seria libertado (Mateus 27:20). • O Sacrifício do Senhor (Mateus 27:33-53): o Morte de Jesus: Jesus foi sacrificado como uma oferta pelo pecado para a redenção da humanidade (Mateus 27:50; 1 Pedro 1:18-19). o Unificação dos dois recintos: O véu que separava o Lugar Santo do Lugar Santíssimo foi rasgado de cima a baixo (Mateus 27:51). o Jesus entra no Santuário: “não por sangue de bodes e bezerros, mas por seu próprio sangue, entrou uma vez no santuário, havendo obtido uma eterna redenção” (Hebreus 9:12). Jesus entrou no Santuário no Céu como o Cordeiro que foi morto e tomou seu lugar no trono à direita do Pai (Apocalipse 5:6-7; Hebreus 1:3). o Segunda Vinda: Jesus retorna à Terra para reunir aqueles que decidiram aceitar Sua oferta de redenção (1 Tessalonicenses 4:16-17; Mateus 24:30-31). |
O Ritual do Bode Expiatório: • Confissão sobre o Bode Expiatório: o O Sumo Sacerdote colocava as mãos sobre a cabeça do bode vivo (o bode expiatório) e confessava sobre ele todos os pecados e transgressões do povo de Israel (Levítico 16:21). o O bode era então enviado para o deserto, carregando simbolicamente os pecados do povo, para nunca mais voltar (Levítico 16:22). | Sentença pelo Pecado: • Identificação do Mal: o O Sumo Sacerdote (Jesus) prende Satanás: E o anjo do Céu, que tem as chaves do abismo e uma grande corrente, apreende "o dragão, a antiga serpente, que é o diabo, Satanás", e o prende por mil anos (Apocalipse 20:1-2). o Satanás é enviado para o abismo: Satanás é trancado no abismo "para assim impedi-lo de enganar as nações", até que se completassem os mil anos (Apocalipse 20:3). |
Rituais Finais: • Conclusão das Ofertas: o Após enviar o bode expiatório para o deserto, o Sumo Sacerdote retornava ao santuário, banhava-se novamente e trocava para suas vestes regulares. o Ele então oferecia as ofertas queimadas: um carneiro por si e outro pelo povo (Levítico 16:23-24). • Descarte das Ofertas pelo Pecado: o Os restos do touro e do bode que haviam sido sacrificados foram levados para fora do acampamento e queimados (Levítico 16:27). | Eventos Finais: • A Vinda da Cidade de Deus: o O Sumo Sacerdote (Jesus) está com Seu povo: “Ouvi uma forte voz que vinha do trono e dizia: “Agora o tabernáculo de Deus está com os homens, com os quais ele viverá. Eles serão os seus povos; o próprio Deus estará com eles e será o seu Deus.”” (Apocalipse 21:1-3). o Tudo é feito novo: “Ele enxugará dos seus olhos toda lágrima. Não haverá mais morte, nem tristeza, nem choro, nem dor, pois a antiga ordem já passou”. Aquele que estava assentado no trono disse: “Estou fazendo novas todas as coisas!” (Apocalipse 21:4-5). • Descarte do Pecado: o Lago de Fogo: Satanás e aqueles que não escolheram ser salvos estão fora do acampamento de Deus. Fogo desce e consome os ímpios (eles são lançados no lago de fogo - explicado no versículo 15), e Satanás também é lançado no lago de fogo e enxofre (Apocalipse 20:7-10, 15). |
Encerramento: • Purificação dos Participantes: o A pessoa que conduziu o bode expiatório para o deserto e aquele que queimou os restos dos animais sacrificados precisavam se banhar e lavar suas roupas antes de reentrar no acampamento (Levítico 16:26-28). | Encerramento: • Os Participantes são Puros: o Nada Impuro: Após os ímpios receberem sua sentença e os fiéis permanecerem seguros dentro da cidade de Deus, a Nova Jerusalém é medida e considerada magnífica e completa. (v. 15-21). “Nela jamais entrará algo impuro, nem ninguém que pratique o que é vergonhoso ou enganoso, mas unicamente aqueles cujos nomes estão escritos no livro da vida do Cordeiro.” (v. 27) A presença de Deus é sentida entre Seu povo como nunca antes visto. “Não vi templo algum na cidade, pois o Senhor Deus todo-poderoso e o Cordeiro são o seu templo. A cidade não precisa de sol nem de lua para brilharem sobre ela, pois a glória de Deus a ilumina, e o Cordeiro é a sua candeia.” (Apocalipse 21:15-23, 27). |
*** Three woes ***: The word “woe” was translated from the Greek oúaí, which is an expression uttered in grief or denunciation, such as alas. In Revelation 8:13, the vulture is announcing three imminent woes that are coming towards those who dwell on Earth. Each of the woes comes with one of the following trumpets. But these instances are not the only moments in the Bible where this word was used: Matthew 18:7,8 is a good example of a similar woe. Jesus was speaking to the disciples about those entering the kingdom of Heaven. He said: “Woe unto the world because of offenses! for it must needs be that offenses come; but woe to that man by whom the offense comes! Therefore if your hand or your foot offend you, cut them off, and cast them from you: it is better for you to enter into life lame or maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into everlasting fire.” The woe comes because of the offenses of the world. And those causing these offenses will suffer. Just as we have to cut off and cast out anything that may be leading us to sin, Jesus will cut off and cast out the apostate parts of the Body of Christ (of the church). The term woe/Alas is mentioned in other parts of Revelation: Revelation 9:12; Revelation 11:14; Revelation 12:12; Revelation 18:10. These verses refer to the terrible things that will happen to those who oppose God.
*** Those who dwell on the earth ***: Once again, we see the target of God’s judgments. Those who dwell on the Earth are a contrast to the citizens of Heaven (see study #42). In Revelation 12:12, we see that the ones who dwell in Heaven should rejoice, while the ones who dwell on Earth are the target of the woe exclamation. The faithful chosen people of God are not the ones who will be targeted. And this concept is being repeated throughout all of the trumpets so far. There is still time for the inhabitants of the Earth to make a different choice if they heed to God’s call.
Overview
The first four trumpets were warnings to those who had fallen out of the path of the truth. The next three trumpets show how the events seen in the first four went on to develop. Revelation 8:13 is an announcement of impending danger, warning about the demonic activities being unleashed on those people who rejected the true message of God. The presence of the vulture making the woe statement indicates that the intensity of God’s judgments is about to increase. The vultures are already flying over the carcasses of the spiritually dead. If the alert is being made public, it's because the people of the Earth still have time to change sides, and leave the dead-end trail. They can still tread the path of the one who overcomes. They can still be completely transformed by the redeeming blood of Jesus. “Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creature; the old things passed away; behold, new things have come.” (2 Corinthians 5:17).
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